New Zealand’s energy production comes from both renewable and non-renewable sources. The energy balance tables show how energy supply and demand by sector varies by energy type.

New Zealand has in-ground coal resources of more than 15 billion tonnes, of which 80% are lignite in the South Island. There are also substantial resources of sub-bituminous coal in both islands, and a lesser amount of high-quality bituminous coal, mainly on the West Coast of the South Island.

Renewable energy is often associated with electricity production, specifically wind, solar, or hydro generation. However, renewable energy is also used for direct heat applications such as milk powder drying, paper making, commercial space heating, or Rotorua’s heated pools.

The NZ Leather & Shoe Research Association (LASRA) receives $0.9 million per year of Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) funding for 1 science platform – Export quality hides.

Plant and Food Research receives $42.7 million per year of Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) funding for 2 science platforms – Plant-based food and seafood production and Premium plant-based and seafood products.

New Zealand is a producer of crude oil, with fields concentrated around Taranaki. However, the crude oil produced in New Zealand has historically been almost entirely exported. Since the closure of New Zealand’s only oil refinery at Marsden Point, all domestic petroleum needs are served by imports of refined products such as petrol, diesel, and jet fuel.

The Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) receives $12.2 million per year of Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) funding for 2 science platforms – Human and environmental health and Forensic science.