Appendix B: Definitions
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Screen sector definition
In line with previous reporting under the Stats NZ Screen Industry Survey, this report defines the screen sector as the combination of production, distribution and exhibition of motion pictures and video productions. To ensure consistency with the definition used by MBIE in the first edition of the 'Economic Trends in the New Zealand Screen Sector', we created a screen sector indicator in the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI).
This screen sector indicator was built using the list of screen sector Australia and New Zealand Standard Industry Classification (ANZSIC) codes that MBIE provided. ANZSIC codes provide a basis for the standardised collection, analysis and dissemination of economic data on an industry basis for Australia and New Zealand. Using ANZSIC codes results in improved consistency of definition and comparability of industry statistics. However, this method has its weaknesses; it cannot identify firms involved in gaming, and some firms we might consider screen firms are listed as software firms. Identifying firms not covered by accurate ANZSIC codes in administrative data is challenging.
The screen sector indicator is built using the 6 ANZSIC06 codes traditionally seen as the which are then grouped into screen sub-sectors of the screen sector:
- Production: J5511 – Motion picture and video production. This class consists of units mainly engaged in producing motion pictures, videos and television programs or commercials. These productions are recorded and stored on a variety of analogue or digital visual media such as film, video tape or DVD.
- Post-production: J5514 – Post-production services and other motion picture and video activities. This class consists of units mainly engaged in providing post-production services and other motion picture and video activities, including specialised motion picture or video post-production services such as editing, film/tape transfers, titling, subtitling, credits, closed captioning and computer-produced graphics, animation and special effects, as well as developing and processing motion picture film.
- Distribution: J5512 – Motion picture and video distribution. This class consists of units mainly engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing motion pictures and videos. These products are distributed (through leasing and wholesale channels) to a range of exhibitors such as motion picture theatres and television stations using a variety of visual media.
- Exhibition: J5513 – Motion picture exhibition. This class consists of units mainly engaged in screening motion pictures using a variety of visual media. Included in this class are units screening productions at festivals and other similar events.
- Broadcasting: J5621 – Free-to-air television broadcasting. This class consists of units mainly engaged in free-to-air television broadcasting of visual content, in the form of electronic images together with sound, through broadcasting studios and facilities. These units may also produce or transmit visual programming to affiliated broadcast television stations, which in turn broadcast the programs on a pre-determined schedule. Transmissions are made available without cost to the viewer.
- Cable and other subscription broadcasting: J5622 – This class consists of units mainly engaged in broadcasting television programs on a subscription or fee basis (such as subscription cable or satellite television broadcasting) to viewers.
Workforce defintion
We have defined ‘workforce’ as people in Aotearoa New Zealand who are engaged in the labour force. They are recorded in the Inland Revenue (IR) derived dataset comprised of all records in the Employer Monthly Schedule (EMS) plus additional income records from the IR3, IR4S and IR20 tax forms as receiving income from one of the following income source types:
- Wages and salaries
- Total shareholder salary
- Company director/shareholder receiving pay as you earn (PAYE) deducted income
- Company director/shareholder receiving withholding tax (WHT) deducted income
- Partner receiving PAYE deducted income
- Partner receiving withholding tax deducted income
- Sole trader income
- Sole trader receiving PAYE deducted income
- Sole trader receiving withholding tax deducted income
This definition of the workforce excludes people whose sole source of income is from benefits, claims or rental income.
Worker type definition
Directors, shareholder and partners (i.e. owners)
Directors, shareholders and partners are defined as people with tax filings as one of the following:
- C00 – Director/shareholder income from the IR4S
- C01 – Company director/shareholder receiving PAYE deducted income
- C02 – Company director/shareholder receiving withholding tax deducted income
- P00 – Partnership income from the IR20
- P01 – Partner receiving PAYE deducted income
- P02 – Partner receiving withholding tax deducted income
Note: “Directors, shareholders and partners” are generic descriptions for the purposes of tax filings; they do not indicate alignment to particular roles in the screen sector such as director of a film.
Sole traders (i.e. self-employed)
Sole traders are defined using derived data tables (based on EMS data and IR3, IR4s and IR20 tax filings) in the IDI that examine payee-payer relationship data to identify self-employment income. Sole traders are identified from income tax data where the income source codes are as follows:
- S00 - Sole trader income
- S01 - Sole trader receiving PAYE deducted income
- S02 - Sole trader receiving withholding tax deducted income
Sole traders where the sole source of income is rental income (identified as income source code S03) are excluded from this report.
Waged and salaried Employees (i.e. employees)
Waged and salaried employees are defined using derived data tables (based on EMS data and IR3, IR4s and IR20 tax filings) in the IDI that examine payee-payer relationship data to identify those still with an income source code of ‘W&S’ after that examination.
Firm definition
Firms are defined as any business or service entities operating in Aotearoa New Zealand listed in the Statistical Business Register.
Firms with ownership data
Firms with ownership are defined as a firm with shareholder wages being paid to directors, partners or shareholders that are identified in the IDI or through the 2018 Census.
Shareholder wages are calculated from income tax data where the income source codes are as followed:
- C00 – Director/shareholder income from the IR4S
- C01 – Company director/shareholder receiving PAYE deducted income
- C02 – Company director/shareholder receiving withholding tax deducted income
- P00 – Partnership income from the IR20
- P01 – Partner receiving PAYE deducted income
- P02 – Partner receiving withholding tax deducted income
Māori-owned firms
Māori-owned firms are defined as a firm 'with ownership data' where at least 50% of shareholder wages are being paid to shareholders, directors or partners that are identified as being Māori through ethnicity data in the IDI or as being of Māori descent through the 2018 Census. Because of limitations of the data currently available this definition differs from the definition used by Stats NZ: A Māori business is a business that is owned by a person or people who have Māori whakapapa, and a representative of that business identifies the business as Māori.